Deal Analysis for Real Estate Investors

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Deal analysis is the single most important skill in real estate investing. A great deal in the wrong market still beats a bad deal in a hot market — but only if you can tell the difference. These guides cover every metric and method you need to evaluate rental properties, flips, and BRRRR deals. From cap rate and cash-on-cash return to NOI and the 1% rule, learn how to run the numbers like an experienced investor.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is a good cap rate for rental properties?

Generally, 6-10% is considered a good cap rate for rental properties. Above 8% is strong for cash flow, while 4-6% is typical in appreciation-focused markets. The "right" cap rate depends on your strategy and risk tolerance.

What is the 1% rule in real estate?

The 1% rule states that monthly rent should equal at least 1% of the purchase price. A $200,000 property should rent for at least $2,000/month. It is a quick screening tool, not a definitive analysis — always run full numbers.

How do I calculate cash-on-cash return?

Cash-on-cash return = Annual Pre-Tax Cash Flow / Total Cash Invested. If you invest $50,000 (down payment + closing costs) and earn $5,000/year in cash flow after all expenses and debt service, your cash-on-cash return is 10%.

What is NOI and why does it matter?

Net Operating Income (NOI) = Gross Rental Income - Operating Expenses (excluding debt service). It measures a property's profitability before financing, making it useful for comparing properties regardless of how they are financed.

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Key Terms to Know

1% Rule

A quick screening guideline stating that a rental property's monthly rent should equal at least 1% of its purchase price. A $200,000 property should generate at least $2,000 per month in rent. The rule provides a fast initial filter but should never replace thorough cash flow analysis.

50% Rule

A rule of thumb estimating that operating expenses on a rental property will consume approximately 50% of gross rental income, excluding mortgage payments. This allows investors to quickly estimate net operating income by halving gross rent, providing a fast initial assessment of cash flow potential.

Absorption Rate

The rate at which available properties in a market are sold or leased over a given time period. A high absorption rate indicates strong demand and typically favors sellers/landlords, while a low rate favors buyers/tenants.

After Repair Value (ARV)

The estimated market value of a property after all planned renovations and repairs are completed. ARV is critical for fix-and-flip investors and BRRRR strategy practitioners to determine maximum purchase price.

Break-Even Ratio

The occupancy level at which a property's income exactly covers all expenses including debt service. Calculated as (Operating Expenses + Debt Service) / Gross Operating Income. A lower break-even ratio indicates less risk.

Cap Rate

The capitalization rate is the ratio of a property's net operating income (NOI) to its purchase price or current market value, expressed as a percentage. It measures the expected rate of return on an investment property.

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